In making ethical decisions it is important to have developed analytical skills and knowledge that will be helpful in working out your replies on ethical issues or problems.
Ethical decisions cannot be made based on Emotions rather it will be done based on Intellectual problem solving skills. There are several models that can be reviewed that will help you to solve ethical problems. Some have five steps, and some are four steps to follow to make ethical decisions. To make ethical decisions here are some six guidelines.
1.First identify that there is a problem. Are there two or more moral issues in conflict?.Who should participate in carrying out the required actions?.What would be the time frame for this actions?.Should it be immediate or postponed for later?.
2.Gather adequate information.(data)What gave rise to this problem?.Who are the main people involved in this ?.For example the patient, nurse ,the doctor, the congress and the expelled congress man.(George Santo Republican expulsion on /01/2023. House Ethics Committee findings include Fraud and misuse of campaign fund.House voted 311 to 114 in favor of expulsion)
What are the administrative,legal relevance, social media on this issues.What are their interests and views on the subject?.
3.What Are Your Options?.Think very well about all the possible options open to you and then weigh each actions.
A.What would be the immediate consequences for the people involved?.
B.What would be the long time consequences to the people involved and the society as a whole.
C. If the right actions are not taken will such behavior occur in the future?.
D.If adequate evidence and response are not obtained the situation can go through proper administrative process depending on the establishment and the individuals involved.
4.Critically think ethical problems through before indulging in decision making.
A.Can conventional principles of professional ethics be able to address and resolve this problem?.
B.Can broader ethical principles including theories clarify and resolve this matter?.
C.Depend on most important principles that you are sure of to deal with the situation.
5.Make a decision on the problem. That is choose a way of dealing with the situation that will reflect a good judgment.If you need help consult with other staff members or with ethics committee. The most important thing is to do it right to prevent recurrence.
6.Assess and Implement actions taken. In this situation hospital Committee or congress committee is formed to prevent such situations recurring again. What are patients/ clients benefits on one hand and what are the risk on other people.
Reference:
https://doi.org/10.1002/aorn.13733
The Four Pillars of Medical Ethics approach are as follows:
1.Beneficence: Be kind and do good to other people. Nurses should perform actions that will benefit others.
2.Non-maleficence.The physicians have the obligation of not to harm the patient,not to kill the patient, not cause pain and suffering to the patient or incapacitate a patient. Non-maleficence in Nursing. Nurses must not intentionally harm the patient or patients.
3.Autonomy: Patient should be given the freedom to make choices when they are able and capable of making their own decisions freely without any obstacles.
4.Justice and Fairness must prevail. The nurse should ensure that Fairness prevails but sometimes Nurses are overshadowed with sterotype that they forget their responsibilities as nurses.However it is important to know that nurses who response to the need of promoting both patients self determination and their well-being may experience ethical conflicts but are more likely than the other nurses to have a genuine best interest of the patients. Some of the ethical problems faced by nurses involved moral delimma, moral uncertainty ,and moral distress.To solve the problem you must identify the route source of the problem,gather valuable information, what are your options?. Follow the six steps that are previously listed
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